Cutting out amino acids could starve cancers, research shows

Research conducted by the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and the University of Glasgow found that removing two non-essential amino acids – serine and glycine – could slow tumour growth and prolong survival.

Amino acids are the building blocks that cells need to make proteins. While healthy cells are able to make sufficient serine and glycine, cancer cells are much more dependent on getting these vital amino acids from the diet.

The study, carried out on mice, found that a special special serine and glycine free diet made some cancer cells more susceptible to chemicals in cells called reactive oxygen species.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment boosts levels of these these cancer fighting chemicals, suggesting a specially formulated diet could make conventional cancer treatments more effective.

Dr Oliver Maddocks, a Cancer Research UK scientist at the University of Glasgow, explained: “Our findings suggest that restricting specific amino acids through a controlled diet plan could be an additional part of treatment for some cancer patients in future, helping to make other treatments more effective.

Professor Karen Vousden, Cancer Research UK’s chief scientist and study co-author, said: “This kind of restricted diet would be a short term measure and must be carefully controlled and monitored by doctors for safety. Our diet is complex and protein - the main source of all amino acids - is vital for our health and well-being. This means that patients cannot safely cut out these specific amino acids simply by following some form of home-made diet.”

Dr Emma Smith, science communication manager at Cancer Research UK, added: “This is a really interesting look at how cutting off the supply of nutrients essential to cancer cell growth and division could help restrain tumours.

“The next steps are clinical trials in people to see if giving a specialised diet that lacks these amino acids is safe and helps slow tumour growth as seen in mice. We’d also need to work out which patients are most likely to benefit, depending on the characteristics of their cancer.”